Author Archive: royalnumsoc

Announcing RNS bursaries for International Numismatic Congress 2027!

The UK’s Royal Numismatic Society welcomes applications from around the world for bursaries to attend the International Numismatic Congress (INC) in Frankfurt, 12th-17th September 2027. By financially supporting researchers and numismatists to attend the INC we are delivering our charitable aim of promoting scholarship on any subject related to numismatics and supporting the study of numismatics.

The INC 2027 Call for Papers ends 4th December 2026. Notification of acceptance is expected in early February. Early bird registration fee starts 1st January 2027 and ends in late February or early March. The INC programme is expected to be announced in April.

FUNDS AVAILABLE

  • Up to 10 grants of £1,500 for applicants from the UK and Europe
  • Up to 6 grants of £2,000 for applicants from the rest of the world

The deadline for applications is 31st January 2027, midnight UK time (GMT).

We aim to let you know whether your application is successful by Friday 19th February 2027.

SELECTION CRITERIA

This is how we will assess your application, and we have designed our application form so you have a section that addresses each criterion.

Standard bursary:

  • You have had your abstract accepted to speak or present at INC
  • Your paper/presentation or poster is on any subject related to remit of RNS
  • Your proposed paper/presentation/poster at INC demonstrated research excellence – this will be defined as originality of research, relevance and suitability of research method and potential for (or achievement of) impact on numismatic research or practice
  • You have articulated the benefit attendance at INC will deliver for your career and/or research

If we have several applications of comparable and equal excellence and relevance, we will employ the following criteria:

  • Funding is unavailable through your own institution
  • You reside in an ICOM category 3 & 4 country if you live outside of Europe
  • You reside in an ICOM category 2 & 3 country if you live within Europe

First time at INC bursary:

First-time bursaries are designed for early career researchers or professionals who have never been to an INC and are not yet ready to present a paper, poster, or session. We expect first time bursary holders to benefit from participating in the academic and networking opportunities of the congress.

  • You will have never attended an INC before
  • You will have identified some relevant topics of papers/presentations that you would like to attend at INC 2027
  • You have articulated the benefit attendance at INC will deliver for your career and/or research

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Bursary funds may only be used for the purposes of attending the International Numismatic Congress in Frankfurt, 12th-17th September 2027.

  • Only one bursary application per person is permitted.
  • The British Numismatic Society operates a parallel bursary scheme for INC 2027. You should not apply to the BNS if you have applied for an RNS bursary, and vice versa.

Eligible costs covered under the bursary include:

  • Travel, including flights, trains, public transport or taxis when public transport is not available. All travel must be at standard or second class
  • Accommodation costs of up to €110 per night
  • Subsistence costs no more than €66 per 24 hours
  • Visa costs
  • Conference fees, which may include conference dinner
  • Travel, accommodation, subsistence or visa costs for an accompanying child or children under the age of 18
  • Childcare or other care costs (such as adult or respite care) incurred in Frankfurt or your country of residence to allow you to attend the INC

Ineligible costs include

  • First or business class travel will not be reimbursed
  • Travel, accommodation, visa or subsistence costs for spouse or partner
  • Costs incurred for additional meetings, travel or fieldwork undertaken in addition to attending the INC
  • Entry fees to museums, attractions or other places attended whilst in Frankfurt for the INC
  • Costs incurred above the limits stated under eligible costs
  • Costs incurred above the limit of your bursary category (£1,500 for UK and Europe and £2,000 for rest of world)
  • Applications for other conferences or events

 Bursaries will normally be paid to you in advance of the conference. You will be expected to show evidence that you attended if asked, such as a registration email from the INC 2027 organisers. If after receiving the bursary you are unable to attend the conference please return the money as soon as possible so that it can be offered to another applicant.

HOW TO APPLY

Applicants must fill in this application form: https://forms.gle/AqmUMRV2iPu87YpF9

As part of this application we will ask you to:

  • Ask 2 referees to submit references supporting your application to joecribb@btinternet.com by the application deadline
  • Complete the questions on the application form
  • Send a CV or resumé (maximum 5 pages) to to joecribb@btinternet.com

RNS Early Career Lectures 2027

The Royal Numismatic Society supports the next generation of numismatists and scholars from other disciplines interested in the study of coins. We will host two lectures online by the early career community in the February 2027 meeting of the RNS lecture programme.

What

We would love to hear about your:

  • Numismatic studies and research at university or in the museums and heritage sector;
  • Numismatic research project; or
  • Cataloguing, display, or public engagement projects featuring museum-based numismatic collections.

Who

Submissions are welcomed from:

  • Students, early career professionals (if you think you’re early career, we are flexible in our definition!), or people who have recently begun working with numismatics;
  • Archaeologists working with numismatic material/coins as archaeological objects;
  • International colleagues (the lectures will take place over Zoom).

The RNS supports diversity in numismatic research – feel free to email Courtney if you have any questions about this call.

How

Please send a short proposal by Friday 2 October 2026 to Courtney Nimura at: courtney.nimura@wolfson.ox.ac.uk, with:

  • Name
  • Job title and institutional affiliation (optional)
  • Contact details
  • Title
  • Short abstract (up to 250 words)
  • Short personal biography (up to 100 words)

Please circulate this information to anyone who you think might be interested in this opportunity. We look forward to hearing from you!

President’s Review of the Year, 2025-2026

In this year’s session we have had seven meetings here at the Royal Asiatic Society, and two meetings, including our Early Career Lectures, in Zoom. My sincere thanks go to all of the speakers who gave talks: William Day, Georgia Galani, Graham Barker, Francesca Lam-March, Mehdy Shaddel, Chris Barker, Tom Hockenhull, Frédérique Duyrat, and particularly to our Medallist for 2025, Vesta Curtis. The staff here at the Royal Asiatic Society have been very helpful and supportive, as always.

In September 2025 we had our symposium on ‘Coinage in Roman Britain: New Perspectives and the Way Forward’ at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. We had an excellent programme of papers from Sam Moorhead, Anni Byard, Murray Andrews,

Tasha Fullbrook, Susan Walker, Stephanie Bonnici and Roger Bland. The whole day was a great success, and I am pleased to say that we shall be having another symposium at the Faculty of English in Cambridge on Saturday 5 September this year. The subject this time will be ‘Coinage in the Late Roman Empire and Early Medieval Europe: Continuity and Crisis’. Booking for this symposium is now open and I am confident that it will be as successful as our symposium last year.

In the next session, starting in October, we shall be moving our monthly meetings to the Warburg Institute in Woburn Square, which hosts the joint Library of the Royal and British Numismatic Societies. After a recent refurbishment the Warburg Institute will provide an excellent venue for our meetings in its new Reemtsma Auditorium, and holding our meetings there will enable members to use the library when they attend meetings.

Tonight I must thank our three outgoing members of Council, Johanne Porter Margeurite Spoerri-Butcher and Etsuko Zakoji. They have all made a great contribution to the activities of our Society and they deserve our thanks.

We welcome three new members of Council. Tasha Fulbrook has worked as a Finds Liaison Officer for the Portable Antiquities Scheme in Cornwall and is currently a PhD student in the Department of Archaeology at the University of Reading, researching the production and use of ‘Barbarous Radiates’ in the late third century, as well as being a Project Curator for Iron Age and Roman Coin Finds with the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Finlay Larkin studied Archaeology at the University of Exeter, and has worked as a Finds Liaison Assistant with the Portable Antiquities Scheme in Sussex. He is now an Imaging Assistant in the Department of Money and Medals at the British Museum. His research interests include Roman coinage and the piercing and reuse of early medieval coins. Amber Powell is a student at Durham University with a particular interest in the use of foreign coins in late medieval and post-medieval Britain.

The work of the Society would not be possible without the great contribution of our Honorary Secretary, Andrew Brown, who now has many calls on his time as Curator of Roman Coins at the Heberden Coin Room in Oxford. The contributions of our Vice Presidents, Megan Gooch and Matt Ball, have also been considerable.

Matt Ball edits the Society’s monthly E-newsletter, keeping the Society’s members in touch with our activities. Matt also looks after the Society’s website and he has continued to have a major role in the organization of our meetings here at the Royal Asiatic Society.

Megan Gooch has overseen a comprehensive review of our administration and archives, resulting in the appointment of an Administrator and an Archives Assistant. David Rowe was appointed as our Administrator in July 2025, to administer membership and other records and to be the first point of contact for members’ enquiries. He has implemented a new membership system that has already proved to be immensely helpful in the operations of our Society. Members now have access to a membership area on our website: https://membermojo.co.uk/numismatics. Michael Laposata was appointed to organize our digital and paper archives, and this work is now being completed by Ashleigh James-McKenna.

I am pleased to say that 58 new Fellows and Student Members have been elected during the year. We now have 530 individual members and 127 institutional members, making an impressive total of 657.

I am very sad to have to report the death of one of our Medallists and five members during the year, including three Honorary Fellows:

– Carmen Arnold-Biucchi was our Medallist in 2022. She had been the Harvard Art Museum’s first Curator of Ancient Coins until her retirement in 2022.

– Dr John Donal Bateson was the Curator of Numismatics at the Hunterian Museum for over 40 years from 1978 to 2019, and he became an Honorary Fellow of our Society in 2012.

– Philip Skingley was elected as an Honorary Fellow in 2014. He was a great support to the Society in hosting meetings at Spink, where his Book Department published many of our publications.

– Keith Sugden, elected as an Honorary Fellow in 2013, was a curator of the numismatic collection at the Manchester City Museum, where he created a Money Gallery. He was a Secretary and Treasurer of the UK Numismatic Trust, and a President of the British Association of Numismatic Societies (BANS).

– John Rainey, who joined the Society in 2021, was a founder of the Northern Branch of the Numismatic Society of Ireland, and the President of BANS at the time of his death. He made a great contribution to the promotion of numismatics by its societies.

– Paul Withers was elected as a Fellow in 1975, and he was a joint winner of the Lhotka Memorial Prize in 2006 and 2011. For many years he had a leading role in numismatic publishing at Galata Print.

Our Honorary Vice President Joe Cribb has continued to oversee distribution of the Society’s research grants through Council’s Grants sub-committee. The Grants sub-committee has recommended grants from its research funds twice, following deadlines in August 2025 and February 2026. Council approved a total of £27,750 to be awarded to thirteen applicants from the UK, France, Egypt, Israel, Italy, China and India, for a wide range of research projects. Two of the applicants received funds from the Malcolm Lyne bequest, which has been agreed could be used to give grants to young applicants. Grants were also made from the Casey, Lowick, Kreitman and Price Funds. The final grant from the Katherina and William Barrett Fund was also made.

The Society has awarded two prizes this year. The Samir Shamma Prize for a publication on Islamic numismatics has been awarded to Nicholas Schindel for Sylloge Nummorum Arabicorum Österreich, Band 1, Frühislamische Kupfermünzen nach der Reform von 77 AH (696/697 n. Chr.) (Vienna, 2025). The Lhotka Prize for an introductory book on numismatics was awarded jointly to Andrew Burnett for The Roman Provinces, 300BCE – 300CE: Using Coins as Sources (Cambridge, 2024), and to Dominic Chorney for Treasures of the Occult (London, 2025).

In 2025 the Society’s funds have, once again, seen a considerable increase in their overall health. A further legacy of just over £240,000 was received from the estate of Dr Malcolm Lyne which, together with our other income, brought our total funds of the Society at 31 December 2025 to a figure of over £1,100,000. Our investments have continued to remain stable despite the challenges and fluctuations presented to the various international markets by World events, and our investment managers have maintained a positive market value of our portfolio.

Our investments continue to be managed by Evelyn Partners, and we are always most grateful to Tristan Hillgarth and to Stefano Mazzola, who also acts as our independent examiner of the accounts, for their time and their generous advice and assistance in financial matters.

Under the stewardship of Brad Shepherd, the Honorary Librarian of the Royal and British Numismatic Societies, further progress has been made in the development of the two societies’ Numismatic Library at the Warburg Institute. The Library is now established in its permanent home in the open stacks of the Warburg’s basement and is accessible to members six days a week, together with full access to the Warburg Institute’s wider library collections.

Thanks to generous donations and an active acquisitions programme, the Library’s holdings have continued to expand significantly during the year, with more than 500 new books, periodicals, and auction catalogues added to the collection. Donations of items to fill gaps are always welcome.

The Library is one of the UK’s most important and accessible resources for numismatic research. Members are warmly encouraged to visit, explore the extensive collections, undertake research, and make use of the excellent facilities now available.

The Society’s publications, and in particular the Numismatic Chronicle, are the most important benefit of membership for many of our members, especially those from overseas. Our publications are in the safe hands of our Senior Editor, Clare Rowan, Simon Glenn as Reviews Editor, Murray Andrews as Production Editor and adviser on papers on medieval and modern numismatics, and Shailendra Bhandare as adviser on Asian numismatics. They have produced another superb volume of the Chronicle, maintaining its reputation as one of the most important periodicals in our subject.

Several new Special Publications are at an advanced stage of preparation. We are now working on Laurent Bricault and Cristian Mondello’s Isis Moneta, The ‘Vota Publica’ tokens from late antique Rome and Metallurgy in Numismatics 7, edited by Matthew Ponting, as well as a volume on the coinage of Ptolemaic Lycia by Ömar Tatar. Other Special Publications are also planned. In January 2026 Script Publisher Services became the distributor of the Society’s publications. They now distribute all of our Special Publications and recent volumes of the Numismatic Chronicle.

I am very glad to announce that the worthy winner of the Society’s Medal for 2026 is Dr Barrie Cook. Barrie was a curator of Later Medieval and Early Modern Collections at the British Museum for forty years, from 1985 to 2025. During that time he curated many notable exhibitions at the museum. His tireless work on the increasing numbers of coin hoards going through the Treasure Act system has resulted in numerous excellent publications, culminating in the two-volume publication of hoard reports in English Medieval Coin Hoards, now in progress. Barrie’s contribution to the subject has been immense, and he found time to be a member of our Council and Honorary Secretary from 1992 to 2001.

It has been a great pleasure and an honour to be serving as President of our Society at this very positive time in its history. We have made great progress in so many ways, and we can look forward to the new session with confidence.

Martin Allen, RNS President.

RNS Symposium 2026: Coinage in the Late Roman Empire and Early Medieval Europe: Continuity and Crisis

Join us at the Faculty of English, University of Cambridge or Online on September 5, 2026 at 10:00 AM (BST) for a symposium on the world of coinage during the Late Roman Empire and Early Medieval Europe.

To book your place, follow the link to our Eventbrite page: https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/coinage-in-the-late-roman-empire-early-medieval-europe-tickets-1987944124390?aff=oddtdtcreator&keep_tld=true#location

Students go free. Online attendance is £5. In-person attendance, which includes a buffet lunch and drinks reception afterward, is £23.50.

Registration
10:00 AM – 10:25 AM

Session 1
10:30 AM – 12:30 PM

1030–1105: Kelly Clarke-Neish, ‘New approaches to the study of Britain’s “last” Roman hoards’
Abstract: Late Roman hoards are a crucial source of evidence to explore the transition from the late Roman to early medieval period in Britain. Collectively, they contain thousands of artefacts including jewellery and tableware, and some hoard containers also exist. Most hoards also contain small silver coins known as siliqua (siliquae pl.) and these coins frequently display evidence of the deliberate removal of silver (‘clipping’) from their edges. Clipping has long been recognised as a key phenomenon which occurred in late and post-Roman Britain (and elsewhere to a lesser degree) and the study of the tens of thousands of coins from the Hoxne hoard, the largest gold and silver late Roman hoard known from Britain, revealed that the practice was a long and drawn out process and coins underwent successive rounds of clipping (Guest, 2005). Though our understanding of clipping has greatly improved, the exact chronology of clipping and whether it was a controlled act remains uncertain and no major study of clipping has been carried out since the study of Hoxne. This paper presents the key findings of an in-depth study of over 10,000 siliquae from over fifty late Roman hoards undertaken as part of the AHRC funded project ‘Britain’s last Roman hoards: wealth, power and culture in the fifth century’ (2024-2026). As well as examining and identifying the clipping of these coins first-hand, statistical techniques were applied to the coin hoard data to identify underlying patterns between these late Roman hoards. Coupled with the results of an independent study of artefacts, a revised chronology for the duration of clipping will be suggested

1105–1140: Roger Bland, ‘Why does Britain have so many coin hoards of the 4th and 5th centuries?’
Abstract: Britain has a uniquely rich record of coin hoards, and the hoards of the Roman period were the subject of an AHRC research project in 2014-20 which produced two books on the subject (Roger Bland, Coin hoards and hoarding in Roman Britain, AD 43 – c. 491, BNS Special Publication 13, 2018, and Bland et al., Iron Age and Roman Coin Hoards in Britain, Oxbow Books, 2020). That project sought to understand why there are so many hoards of the second half of the third century from Britain, but in fact it is in the 4th and 5th centuries that Britain has the greatest number of hoards. The online database of the Oxford Coin Hoards of the Roman Empire project now has over 3,900 hoards that close between 294 and 491 from across the Empire and beyond, 38% of which are from Britain, an extraordinary concentration. While the exceptional number of hoards of silver siliquae from Britain has long been recognised, Britain also has many hoards of bronze coins. This paper looks at possible reasons for this phenomenon and looks at developments in the immediate post-Roman period, into the sixth and seventh centuries. 

1140–1215: Marcus Spencer-Brown, ‘The demise of base-metal coinage as a political medium in the Late Roman period’
Abstract:
A defining characteristic of Roman coinage was the variety of its designs and the diverse political messages they were intended to communicate. In marked contrast to much of the relatively static ‘Greek’ coinage that preceded it, Roman coin imagery was actively employed by elites of the late Republic and subsequent imperial regimes as an overtly political medium through which contributions to the res publica could be promoted and status negotiated. Scholarship has long connected episodes of rapid iconographic innovation with periods of instability and anxiety, while phases of relative monotony—such as the Antonine period—have been interpreted as indicative of imperial confidence and internal peace.

Yet this interpretative model is less readily applicable to the Late Roman period. Despite recurrent civil wars, religious conflict, and sustained external pressures, such turbulence was not matched by comparable innovation in coin design. Instead, increasingly repetitive and standardised types dominated issues from the empire’s many mints.

This paper argues that the apparent mismatch between fourth-century political instability and the genericised expressions of imperial competence on base-metal coinage reflects a fundamental shift in the medium’s political function. As emperors became more itinerant and autocratic, the imperial state recalibrated the communicative ambitions of base-metal coinage, gradually marginalising it as a primary vehicle of political negotiation. In its place, Late Roman regimes developed alternative mechanisms for articulating authority and managing relationships with key constituencies.

1215–1230: Session 1 Q&A

Lunch (sandwich lunch provided)
12:30 PM – 01:30 PM

Session 2
01:30 PM – 03:00 PM

1330–1405: John Naylor, ‘Coins and the individual: the use of gold and silver coinage in Early Anglo-Saxon burials’
Abstract:
Solidi, tremisses and early silver pennies (sceattas) are a regular, if minor, element of furnished burials in Early Anglo-Saxon England. Focusing primarily on gold coinage from graves, this paper explores the evidence from male and female inhumations, assessing their distributions in relation to contemporary coin finds and hoards, the modification (or otherwise) of the coins and their placement in the grave with other items. The study explores the potential for finds of coins in burials to provide us with evidence for both contemporary attitudes to coinage in a formative period of monetisation, and to its role within society and the formation of the period’s power structures. The final discussion assesses the evidence from gold coins in grave contexts to the results from previous work on the later early silver pennies, highlighting the varied and changing roles coins played within elite society across the later sixth to early eighth centuries in England.

1405–1440: Tom Balbin-Estanguet, ‘Monetary evolution and rupture in Merovingian Aquitaine: the hoard evidence (6th – mid 8th c.)’
Abstract: Aquitaine, a peripheral region of the Merovingian kingdom conquered by Clovis in 507, shared a common history and monetary system with the rest of the regnum Francorum. Numerous places produced pseudo-imperial and independent trientes, as well as silver deniers starting from the end of the seventh century, and foreign coinage (Visigothic, Byzantine, Anglo-Saxon…) was also circulating in some parts of Aquitania. However, the centre of gravity of finds and the network of mints changed considerably in this area during Merovingian rule.  In particular, the transition from a gold-based to a silver-based system significantly altered the monetary facies of Aquitaine, considerably shifting coin production and circulation. This resulted in a fragmented region, between a southern, under-monetized part and a northern part oriented toward the Frankish heartlands and beyond.

These changes are reflected in the variable frequency and dispersion of Aquitanian coin hoards. The heterogenous coin supply led to notable differences in hoarding practices, which can be observed by close inspection of their content. This structural analysis allows us to question previous dating based on historical events rather than numismatic evidence. In turn, the chronology of these finds challenges the traditional view that war and insecurity is the main factor in hoarding frequency. Moreover, their study sheds light on monetary practices, hoard owners’ selections, and coin supply restrictions, underlining the developments of this period. The aim of this contribution is therefore to present the contribution of coin deposits to our understanding of the evolution of the coinage system in early medieval Aquitaine.

1440–1500: Session 2 Q&A

Tea and coffee break
03:00 PM – 03:30 PM

Session 3
03:30 PM – 05:00 PM

1530–1600: Elina Screen, ‘Coinage in the late Carolingian empire: continuity or crisis?’
Abstract:
In the first half of the ninth century, the Carolingian coinage was closely controlled under emperors Charlemagne and Louis the Pious. In the second half of the ninth century, the Carolingian empire was divided between multiple rulers and Carolingian political control frayed, especially after the death of Charles the Fat in 888. Although this period saw the introduction of Charles the Bald’s successful and well-controlled Gratia Dei Rex coinage in 864, royal control over the coinage steadily reduced, and immobilised and ‘feudal’ coinages emerged by the end of the tenth century. These changes are generally linked to political developments and the erosion of the concepts of public authority that had supported the Carolingian administration and its production of coinage. However, this focus on political crisis may neglect the impact of underlying regional differences upon coinage and its use within the Frankish empire. I shall reassess the coinage across this period of transition, placing the emergence of distinctive regional currency zones into a longer economic perspective. The iconography of the coinage also points to elements of continuity.

1600–1630: Rory Naismith, ‘The management of minting in Early Medieval Europe’
Abstract:
Between about 400 and 1000, the organisational systems behind minting coin in Europe and the Mediterranean changed profoundly. This paper will survey that process and consider why new models developed along different lines. A starting point will be the large-scale mints of the later Roman Empire, which were keyed closely into provincial administration and imperial fiscal systems. Something similar to this persisted in the Byzantine and Islamic worlds. Other mechanisms depended on looser relationships with central government income and expenditure, and on increasingly assertive forms of local power and economic control. These will be examined with reference to the Frankish and Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.

1630–1640: Session 3 Q&A
1640–1645: Final words from the President
1645–1700: End

Reception with drinks and light refreshments
17:00 – 18:15

Speaker biographies

Tom Balbin-Estanguet holds a doctorate in Archaeological Sciences from Université Bordeaux Montaigne and is currently a Temporary Lecturer in Medieval Archaeology at Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès. He is researching coin hoarding, production, and monetary uses in post-Roman Gaul through an archaeo-numismatic lens.

Roger Bland was curator of Roman coins at the British Museum and retired in 2015 as Keeper of the Department of Britain, Prehistory and Europe. From 1994 to 2002 he was seconded to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, to bring in the Treasure Act 1996 and establish the Portable Antiquities Scheme. He has written Roman Imperial Coinage IV.3 (Spink Books, 2026), other books on Roman coins and the Treasure Act and the Portable Antiquities Scheme.

Kelly Clarke-Neish is based in the Money and Medals Department at the British Museum and is Project Curator: Britain’s last Roman hoards. She is part of the AHRC funded project Britain’s Last Roman Hoards (https://blogs.kent.ac.uk/hoards/) with Ellen Swift (PI, Kent), Eleanor Ghey (Co-I, BM) and James Gerrard (Co-I, Newcastle). Though she is currently researching late Roman coinage, she has a strong background and interest in early medieval numismatics and co-authored an article in 2024 on the reuse of sixth-and-seventh-century gold coins in England.

Rory Naismith is Professor of Early Medieval English History at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He has published extensively on early medieval history and numismatics. His books include The Coinage of Southern England 796–865; Citadel of the Saxons: The Rise of Early London; Early Medieval Britain 500–1000; Offa, King of the Mercians; and the prize-winning Money and Power in Anglo-Saxon England: The Southern English Kingdoms, 757–865 and Making Money in the Early Middle Ages.

John Naylor is based in the Heberden Coin Room at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. He is the Portable Antiquities Scheme’s National Finds Adviser for Early Medieval and Later Coinage and is part of the Leverhulme Trust-funded project Hidden Kingdoms: the South-West of Britain in Late Antiquity with colleagues at the Universities of Exeter and Cardiff. His publications include The Watlington Hoard: coinage, kings and the Viking Great Army in Oxfordshire AD 875–880.

Elina Screen is Curator: Medieval and Modern Collections in the Department of Money and Medals at the British Museum, responsible for the medieval and early modern collections to 1700. She is general editor of the Medieval European Coinage project and President of the British Numismatic Society. She has published extensively on Carolingian history and numismatics, including Sylloge of Coins of the British Isles 65–66: Norwegian Collections (Oxford, 2013, 2015).

Marcus Spencer-Brown is a Digital Curator of Roman Coins, based in the Heberden Coin Room at the Ashmolean Museum (Oxford). He is part of the DigiClass Project (https://www.ashmolean.org/digiclass-project), working to catalogue and digitise a collection of over 160,000 Greek and Roman coins. Having recently completed an AHRC-funded PhD at the University of Birmingham (2025), his research principally focuses on the Late Roman period, quantitative numismatics, and the role of coinage as a political medium.